Blog Archives | Page 4 of 10 | Dr. Gaurav Gupta

20Dec2022

Understanding Viral Hepatitis A infection, tips to prevent it especially in kids

HAV or Acute Viral Hepatitis A is defined as the inflammation of the liver, which is generally caused by infection with one of the five Hepatitis viruses and almost 10-30% of cases related to HAV belong to children. Here’s all you need to know about it and tips to prevent it

The world has just witnessed a massive pandemic and while the worst may be over, the impact of the last two years is still quite being felt across countries and communities. However, the good news is that as the world is opening up, people are starting to explore the outdoors again. While this spells good news for economies, multiple factors are increasing our exposure to bacteria and viruses, mainly because we are once again stepping outside without masks and practising basic hand hygiene.

In the last few months, there has been a spurt of infections and contagious diseases like measles, dengue and even Viral Hepatitis A (HAV). In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Gaurav Gupta, Director-Liver Transplant and HPB Surgeon at Fortis Hospital in Mulund, explained, “HAV or Acute Viral Hepatitis A is defined as the inflammation of the Liver, which is generally caused by infection with one of the five Hepatitis viruses. Almost 10-30% of cases related to HAV belong to children. Hepatitis A is an RNA virus, the incubation period for which averages 30 days and can sometimes even extend to 49 days.”

Talking about the symptoms, he said, “HAV infection is usually silent or subclinical in children. Symptomatic Hepatitis occurs in approximately 30% of infected children younger than six years, but mostly it is a self-limiting illness where symptoms may persist for just 2 weeks. In contrast, older children, and adults with HAV infection are usually symptomatic for several weeks, approximately 70% suffer from Jaundice, and nearly 80% per cent have Hepatomegaly (a condition that causes the liver to become larger).”

Revealing some treatment measures, he said, “In most cases, HAV is a self-limiting disease, so it does not require any specific treatment methodology or hospitalization. The best way to recover from HAV is through bed rest, good hydration and nutrition that will help the body to tide over the virus. In the last six to eight months, there have been several cases where HAV infections has persisted for more than three to four months. These patients have shown symptoms related to Jaundice, although they do not have very high INR (International Normalized Ratio). or encephalopathy, which are markers of ALF. These patients are diagnosed with ‘Sub Acute Liver Failure’, which might require a Liver transplant.”

Keeping this in mind, the prevention of HAV is highly critical. Dr Gaurav Gupta cautioned, “As HAV is transmitted primarily through the faecal-oral route, homes and toilet areas must always be kept clean. The virus is shed in the stools of infected persons, with peak viral excretion occurring in the two weeks preceding the onset of Jaundice and during the initial phase of clinical illness. This virus can contaminate food and water or transmit through contaminated fomites. However, person-to-person spread through close personal contact is the most common mode of contamination for this virus, with frequent occurrence of secondary cases among household or school contacts of those infected.”

In India, HAV infection is widespread, although it usually occurs early during a person’s childhood. Dr Gaurav Gupta pointed out, “Infection at this age is often asymptomatic, leading to life-long immunity against reinfection.” According to him, it is also essential to know that prevention and control of HAV infection relies on breaking the chain of transmission using one or more of the following measures:

1. Improving hygiene and sanitary measures

2. HAV vaccine is the most effective method for specific pre-exposure prophylaxis. These vaccines are administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle, and two doses are given 6-18 months apart. Also, these vaccines are very effective in protecting a person from HAV infection as they have been able to induce protective antibody levels above 95% in the recipients, even after receiving their first vaccine dose.

Dr Gaurav Gupta concluded, “Hepatitis A is also a common cause of Jaundice in children and adults, with common symptoms being fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and Jaundice. The good news, however, is that HAV infection usually results in an acute, self-limited illness and rarely leads to acute hepatic failure. Less than 0.1% per cent of HAV patients have Acute Liver Failure (ALF) which can become a life-threatening condition. Further, if a patient is diagnosed with ALF, having a Liver transplant is the only way that they can survive the disease. In conclusion, good hygiene practices coupled with widespread vaccination coverage and awareness can dramatically protect us from this common infectious Viral Hepatitis.”

27Oct2022

Blog, Uncategorized

Crohn’s disease and liver troubles

In 1932, American gastroenterologist Dr Burrill Crohn first described the inflammation and irritation in the digestive system as a medical condition. It was further named after him; this condition of unexplained diarrhoea, weight loss and abdominal cramps that people experience frequently is called Crohn’s disease (CD).

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that begins gradually but worsens over time with periods of remission that lasts for weeks or years. Although the condition largely affects the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine, some medical practitioners say that people with CD are also at a higher risk for liver problems.

Dr Ravindra B S, director and head of department, gastroenterology and hepatobiliary sciences, Fortis Hospital, Bengaluru, says that it is important to screen the liver of a person who has Crohn’s disease/IBD every four to six months to check its functioning.

According to Dr Sudeep Khanna, senior consultant gastroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Delhi, only five to eight per cent of people with CD develop liver disease. He adds that a regular liver function test (LFT) helps in early detection since the liver disease may be dormant or asymptomatic.

Does CD directly affect the liver?

Dr Gaurav Gupta, senior consultant and chief surgeon, liver transplant and HPB surgery, Fortis Hospital, Mumbai, says that CD is the inflammation of the intestines and there is no direct correlation between the condition and the liver. “However, people who have CD often develop primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) which leads to liver problems,” he adds.

Dr Gupta says PSC is the inflammation of the bile ducts that causes ‘beading’ (strictures and dilations that make the bile ducts look like a necklace of beads). The beading obstructs the flow of bile outside the liver, leading to its accumulation in the liver, causing jaundice and consequently liver damage. “When the accumulated bile hardens, it can also form stones within the gallbladder that block the ducts,” says Dr Gupta.

Happiest Health probed further on the probable association between CD and the development of PSC.

Dr Gupta says the only evident associative factor could be that CD and PSC are both auto-immune conditions. However, he clarifies that PSC need not always occur in all people with CD. It can be a separate entity too.

Dr Ravindra says that PSC is a primary manifestation of IBD and explains that the autoimmune elements attack the bile tubes and cause inflammation.

The fatty liver and CD connection

“Fatty liver has more to do with obesity and the excessive intake of red meat than CD,” says Dr Khanna.

Dr Ravindra however mentions that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been observed to be associated with people who have CD.

According to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, a US-based non-profit organisation dedicated to the management of Crohn’s disease, fatty liver disease is the most common liver complication of IBD. It states that in some people with IBD, the liver can become inflamed or damaged; in about five per cent of them, the disease can be serious.

Confirming CD’s association with NAFLD, a 2017 study of 168 patients published in the journal, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, said that about 13 per cent of the people that were included in the study had both NAFLD and either ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. The researchers also found that in people who had both IBD and NAFLD, IBD lasted for a significantly longer time.

Dr Ravindra recalls the case of a 33-year-old woman who had recurrent pain which drove her several times to doctors seeking relief desperately in vain. Her family was baffled at her trauma given the fact that intermittent stomach pain was all she had. She grappled with stomach pain for almost a year without a cause being pinpointed. A CT scan of the abdomen showed that her small intestine had thickened and ulcerated and she was advised to undergo surgery.

Later the woman underwent a special endoscopy called enteroscopy, a procedure to examine the organs, from the mouth to the large intestine, with the help of a thin tube attached to a camera. Further, the results along with a biopsy showed that she was suffering from Crohn’s disease.

The role of medication

Dr Khanna says that immune suppressants (that keep the body’s immune system in check) and certain medicines that stop inflammation used for the treatment of CD may cause liver problems.

However, Dr Ravindra adds that this may happen in very rare cases as regular liver function tests help detect the problem at an early stage.

Dr Gupta doesn’t see any direct role of CD medications in the development of liver problems.

How to know if its PSC

Dr Gupta says PSC manifests as jaundice and itching all over the body (due to the increased concentration of bile salts).

According to Dr Ravindra, the liver condition in people with CD presents itself in three ways – asymptomatic, when mild changes are detected in the LFT; symptomatic, which presents as itching, tiredness, weakness and jaundice and third, as a presentation of liver disease like jaundice itself with symptoms like itching and leg swelling. “The people who already have a liver disease when screened have associated IBD,” he says.

Speaking on the diagnostic procedure, Dr Khanna says an initial blood test (LFT) shows the cholestatic pattern of PSC. Abnormalities in the pattern indicate biliary obstruction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) highlights small strictures in the bile ducts and if further confirmation is required, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is suggested, he adds.

ERCP is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems and Dr Khanna says an ERCP is rarely required unless there is a large stricture in the main bile duct which is outside the liver.

“Endoscopy into the bile ducts is carried out to detect cancer of the bile ducts,” says Dr Khanna.

Managing PSC

“Primary sclerosing cholangitis is not curable and can only be controlled,” says Dr Gupta who adds that the condition can be treated with steroids and immune suppressants. But he warns that despite medication, PSC can continue to progress and gradually lead to permanent liver damage and conditions like liver cirrhosis and bile duct cancer.

Dr Khanna says that the treatment is directed toward the symptomatic management of PSC to stabilise the liver and facilitate its adequate functioning.

Dr Ravindra says treatment depends upon the severity of the condition. “When the bile ducts are inflamed and swollen, medication is the best treatment. Stents work best to widen the ducts when they have narrowed.

“Only in severe liver diseases like liver cirrhosis, liver protectors are given (supplements/drugs that protect the liver) and if the condition continues to progress, surgery and liver transplant are advised.

Does diet help?

“Not really,” says Dr Gupta. “Diet doesn’t play a significant role in the management of PSC but a low carbohydrate, low salt diet can help manage a fatty liver,” he says.

Dr Ravindra adds that drinking warm water in the morning, reducing red meat, milk and high-fibre foods and including boiled vegetables and fruits in the diet generally help manage a liver condition better.

He also suggests lifestyle changes like a six to seven-hour gap between meals, an early dinner, and 15 to 20 minutes of exercise daily.

10Mar2022

Blog

अगर आप फैटी लिवर से ग्रस्त हैं, तो आपके बच्चों को भी हो सकती है ये समस्या, यहां है इसके 5 कारण

जब आप अपने पेरेंट्स से नाक-नक्शा, कद-काठी और फूड हेबिट्स विरासत के रूप में ग्रहण कर रहे होते हैं, तब संभावना है कि आप उनसे कुछ बीमारियां भी ले रहे हों।

पापा की आदतें, मम्मी के हाथ का स्वाद और अपनी बहनों जैसी फूड हेबिट्स! एक परिवार के रूप में आप सिर्फ यही शेयर नहीं करते। स्वास्थ्य विशेषज्ञ आपकी कद-काठी के साथ-साथ आपको होने वाली बीमारियों के लिए भी जेनेटिक्स को दोष देते हैं। इनमें मोटापा, डायबिटीज और मेटाबॉलिक सिंड्रोम ही नहीं, बल्कि फैटी लिवर डिजीज भी शामिल है। जी हां, यह सही है कि नॉन अल्कहोलिक फैटी लिवर डिजीज के लिए आपके जीन भी जिम्मेदार हो सकते हैं। आइए जानते हैं इस बारे में और भी विस्तार से।

बदलती जीवन शैली ने कई प्रकार के समस्याओं को न्यौता दिया है। मोटापा,मधुमेह, हाई कोलेस्ट्रॉल जैसी समस्याएं आम हो गईं हैं। गतिहीन जीवन शैली के साथ-साथ एल्कोहल के सेवन को भी अक्सर लिवर खराब होने का कारण माना जाता है। पर ऐसा जरूरी नहीं है कि सिर्फ उन्हीं लोगों को फैटी लिवर डिजीज हो। असल में जो लोग एल्कोहल का सेवन नहीं करते, उन्हें भी नॉन अल्कोहलिक फैटी लिवर डिजीज का सामना करना पड़ सकता है। इसका दोष आपके खराब लाइफस्टाइल के साथ-साथ आपके जेनेटिक्स को भी दिया जा सकता है।

शरीर के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है एक स्वस्थ लिवर

लिवर आपके पेट के दाहिने तरफ आपकी पसलियों के नीचे होता है। आपके संपूर्ण स्वास्थ्य के लिए बहुत आवश्यक है कि आपका लिवर ठीक तरह से काम कर रहा हो। आप के खून से अमीनो एसिड को नियंत्रित करना, खून में मौजूद ग्लूकोज के स्तर को संतुलन में रखना, आपके रक्त के थक्के का प्रबंधन करना, साथ ही रक्तप्रवाह से बैक्टीरिया और अन्य विषाक्त पदार्थों को साफ करने का काम लिवर ही करता है। यदि यह ठीक से काम नहीं कर पाता, तो आपको कई तरह की समस्याओं का सामना करना पड़ सकता है।

जानिए क्या है फैटी लिवर डिजीज ?

फैटी लिवर डिजीज और जेनेटिक्स के कनैक्शन को समझने के लिए हमने फोर्टिस अस्पताल मुलुंड के लीवर ट्रांसप्लांट और एचपीबी सर्जरी विभाग में सलाहकार और मुख्य सर्जन डॉ गौरव गुप्ता से बात की।

डॉ गौरव गुप्ता कहते हैं कि फैटी लिवर एक लाइफस्टाइल समस्या है। बिलकुल वैसे ही जैसे डायबिटीज और अन्य जीवनशैली बीमारियां। जैसा कि इसके नाम से ही पता चलता है कि इस समस्या में लिवर में फैट जमा हो जाता है। फैटी लिवर को हैपेटिक स्टीटोसिस के नाम से भी जाना जाता है।

आपके लिवर में यदि फैट की मात्रा कम हो, तो यह नुकसानदायक नहीं होता। पर यदि फैट की मात्रा सामान्य से अधिक हो जाती है, तो यह कई स्वास्थ्य जोखिमों का कारण बन सकता है। लिवर हमारे शरीर का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा अंग होता है। यह भोजन से पोषक तत्व को संशोधित करने में मदद करता है। जब लिवर पर फैट जमा हो जाता है, तो हमें पोषण की कमी होने लगती है। जिससे वजन घटने जैसे कई लक्षण देखने को मिलते हैं।

दो तरह की होती है फैटी लिवर डिजीज

जब किसी व्यक्ति को ज्यादा शराब पीने के कारण यह समस्या होती है, तो इसे अल्कोहलिक फैटी लिवर डिजीज (AFLD) के रूप में जाना जाता है। एनसीबीआई के अनुसार जो पुरुष प्रति दिन 40 से 80 ग्राम शराब का सेवन करते हैं और जो महिलाएं 10 से 12 वर्षों में प्रतिदिन 20 से 40 ग्राम शराब का सेवन करती हैं, उनमें शराब से संबंधित गंभीर लिवर की बीमारियों का खतरा अधिक होता है।

हालांकि यदि यह समस्या किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति को हो जाती है, जो शराब का सेवन नहीं करता तो उसे नॉन अल्कोहलिक फैटी लिवर डिजीज (NAFLD) कहा जाता है।

क्या हो सकते हैं नॉन अल्कोहलिक फैटी लिवर डिजीज के कारण?

अकसर लोग यह सवाल करते हैं कि शराब का ज्यादा सेवन न करने के बावजूद क्यों कुछ लोगों को फैटी लिवर की समस्या हो जाती है़? हालांकि ऐसे मामले तुलनात्मक रुप से कम होते हैं, पर इसके कारण अभी तक पूरी तरह स्पष्ट नहीं हो पाए हैं। संभवत: उनका शरीर ज्यादा फैट पैदा करता है या फिर फैट को कुशलतापूर्वक चयापचय नहीं कर पाता। यहां कुछ ऐसे कारण दिए गए हैं, जो उन लोगों में फैटी लिवर की समस्या को उत्पन्न कर सकता है जो एल्कोहल का सेवन ना के बराबर या बहुत कम करते हैं।

1.मोटापा

यह एक जेनेटिक समस्या है। यह आपकी जींस के साथ ट्रेवल कर सकता है। यानी यदि आपके परिवार के सदस्य मोटापे से ग्रस्त हैं, तो संभावनाएं हैं कि आपको और आपके होने वाले बच्चों को भी मोटापे की समस्या का सामना करना पड़ जाए। नॉन एल्कोहलिक फैटी लिवर के होने के पीछे का कारण मोटापा हो सकता है और मोटापे के होने के पीछे एक कारण जीन है।

2 डायबिटीज

यह आनुवंशिक और पर्यावरणीय दोनों कारकों के कारण होता है। वैज्ञानिकों ने कई जीन उत्परिवर्तन को उच्च मधुमेह जोखिम से जोड़ा है। उत्परिवर्तन करने वाले हर व्यक्ति को मधुमेह नहीं होगा। हालांकि, मधुमेह वाले कई लोगों में इनमें से एक या अधिक उत्परिवर्तन होते हैं। और फैटी लीवर के लिए डायबिटीज जिम्मेदार है।

3.इंसुलिन रेसिस्टेंस

भले ही यह एक रेयर जेनेटिक डिसऑर्डर हो, लेकिन नॉन अल्कोहलिक फैटी लिवर का कारण बन सकता है। डायबिटीज के उन रोगियों को इंसुलिन का इंजेक्शन लेते हुए देखा होगा जिनकी शुगर ज्यादातर बढ़ जाती है। इसमें कोशिकाएं इंसुलिन का निर्माण नहीं हो पाता।

4.ट्राइग्लिसराइड्स

यह समस्या अस्वस्थ खानपान और एक गतिहीन जीवन शैली के कारण हो सकती है। हालाकि कुछ लोगों में उच्च ट्राइग्लिसराइड्स होते हैं, क्योंकि उन्हें अपने माता-पिता से आनुवंशिक प्रवृत्ति विरासत में मिली है। एक सामान्य विरासत में मिली स्थिति को पारिवारिक हाइपरट्रिग्लिसराइडिमिया कहा जाता है।

5.मेटाबॉलिक सिंड्रोम

यह भी एक जेनेटिक डिसऑर्डर है जो मेटाबॉलिज्म में समस्याएं उत्पन्न करता है। चयापचय संबंधी विकारों वाले ज्यादतार लोगों में एक दोषपूर्ण जीन होता है जिसके परिणामस्वरूप एंजाइम की कमी हो जाती है।

हालांकि इसके अलावा और भी कई कारण हो सकते हैं जिसमें शामिल है:

गर्भावस्था
दवाओं से होने वाले दुष्प्रभाव
कुछ प्रकार के संक्रमण, जैसे कि हेपेटाइटिस सी
रेयर जेनेटिक्स स्थितियां

जेनेटिक्स और फैटी लिवर डिजीज

डॉ गौरव कहते हैं कि यह एक जेनेटिक समस्या भी है, क्योंकि ज्यादातर मरीजों में डायबिटीज होने का खतरा बना रहता है। डायबिटीज, हाइपरटेंशन और कई हृदय संबंधित समस्याएं जेनेटिक्स के कारण होती हैं। हालांकि जेनेटिक्स पूरी तरह फैटी लीवर के लिए जिम्मेदार नहीं होता।

वे आगे कहते हैं कि इसके लिए भी ज्यादातर लाइफस्टाइल ही जिम्मेदार है। जबकि शेष जीन के कारण हो सकता है। वे सलाह देते हैं कि आपको फैटी लिवर का कितना भी खतरा क्यों न हो आप एक अच्छी लाइफ स्टाइल के माध्यम से खुद की सेहत का ख्याल रख सकती हैं।

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10Jan2022

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All About Organ Donation

It is estimated that nearly half a million Indians suffer from end-stage organ failure every year. However, less than 5000 kidney transplants are performed per year, despite demand of over 200,000.

Similarly, only 1500 liver transplants are performed in India per year. However, over 100,000 people die from end-stage liver disease in India. Most of these liver diseases are caused by preventable conditions such as hepatitis B and C.

The annual requirement for hearts is estimated to be about 50,000, and for lungs, it is estimated to be about 20,000. While most organ transplants are conducted after brain death, most of the programs depend on living donors.

Majority of the transplants ( Liver and Kidney) happening in India are Living Donors. It exposes poor population to the risk of bribery and other malicious attempts.

So, the need for organ donation after brain death (BD) has become very important. The rate of organ donation has risen tenfold in the last five years, reaching 0.86 per million people.

More and more families are going forward to donate their loved one’s organs. After BD, over 900 people donated over 2800 organs in 2017. Everyone should commit to donating their organs and contribute to the saving of lives.

When most people consider pledging for organ donation, some questions arise in their minds. Here are ten things that one must know about organ donation:

Organ Donation is legal in India

The Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994 of India first provided regulations for the removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs for treatment purposes. The Act was amended in 2011 and put into effect by the release of Rules in 2014, which included numerous amendments to declaring brain death and organ retrieval.

All adults can pledge to donate organs

Someone over the age of 18 can make an organ donation pledge. Organ and tissue donation has no age restrictions. The transplant teams assess the suitability of each organ and tissue at the time of brain death.

Brain death is death

In patients with brain death, the brain dies due to stroke, head injury, or brain tumor, but the heart continues to beat for a few hours or days. So, the essential blood flow to the organs is preserved. The effects of brain death are permanent. When a person is announced brain dead, the death form is filled out even if the heart is still beating. It is a legal for of death.

Treatment quality is unaffected by organ donation

Only after the patient is brain dead, the doctors discuss organ donation with the patient’s family. The treating teams have a mandate to make every attempt to save lives and have no role to play in organ donation.

Number of organs and tissues that can be donated

By donating the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and small bowel, a single non-living beating-heart donor will save eight lives. Several tissues, such as the cornea, heart valves, eardrums, ear bones, tendons, and skin, can also be donated after the heart stops beating.

Brain death is not difficult or costly to diagnose

Bedside tests conducted by a team of four doctors and repeated after 6 hours are used to diagnose brain death in India. There are no costly tests needed.

The cost of maintaining the cadaver, retrieval of organs or tissues, transportation, and preservation, is not borne by the donor family. These costs are borne by the recipient, institution, government, or non-governmental organization as decided by the respective State Government.

No pain or mutilation

A brain-dead person is dead and does not feel pain. Organs are removed in the operating room with the utmost care and dignity by a team of specially qualified surgeons

No legal standing for the donor card

A person can make organ donation pledges through government, non-governmental, and private organizations. The pledge is not limited to a single nation, state, or hospital. The donor is on a ventilator at the time of brain death, and the hospital staff asks the family about organ donation. Although pledging is not required for organ donation, it does assist the family in making the best decision possible. As a result, it is important that one tells their family about the decision to become an organ donor before they sign up.

Organs are given to those who need them the most

The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) manages organ donation. The organization is built on a straightforward framework that guarantees that the sickest patients get transplants first.

India is poised to enter a new era of deceased organ donation with experience, infrastructure, funding, and increased knowledge. Finally, it comes down to trusting the doctor and the medical system and honesty in the organ allocation process.

10Jan2022

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Liver Treatment – Symptoms and Diagnosis

The human liver is situated on the right side of the abdomen. It is one of the most significant and essential organs in the body under the rib cage. It is one of the vital and crucial organs for survival. The liver performs many functions in the body. By some estimates, it does more than 800 functions in the body.

It produces the necessary biochemicals responsible for digesting food and driving toxic substances out of the body. However, several diseases can occur to a liver if it’s not taken care of properly. A few of these are genetic, but other than inherited liver problems, the rest are caused by various factors.

Viruses, infections, alcoholism, and obesity can all cause damage to the liver, as well as scarring and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis and long-term damage to the liver can result in liver failure, which is a life-threatening condition. It can be avoided by seeking early treatment from a liver specialist in Mumbai, which aids in the healing of the liver.

Vital Functions of the Liver

1. Helps in food digestion

2. Maintain blood sugar level

3. Produces blood clotting factors

4. Breaks down many drugs and poisons

5. Help body resist infections by making proteins and immune factors

What can damage the Liver?

Liver damage can occur suddenly (acute) or can happen over a prolonged period (chronic). Most of the patients have a chronic form of liver disease.

1. Acute Liver Failure

Severe Viral Infections (Hepatitis A or B)
Rat Poisoning (Yellow Phosphorus)
Excessive ingestion of Paracetamol, some herbal drugs, or Chinese medication

2. Chronic Liver Failure

Excessive alcohol intake
Viral infections like Hepatitis B and C
NASH (fatty liver due to obesity, long term diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension)
Various autoimmune disease

3. Pediatric Population

Biliary atresia and some other metabolic disorders

Symptoms of liver disease

In Early Stage

Jaundice (yellow discoloration of eyes and skin)
Dark-colored urine
Black colored stools
Itching
Weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness
Easy bruising and bleeding tendency

In Advanced Stage

Swelling of limbs (edema)
Water accumulation in the abdomen (ascites)
Blood in vomitus
Mental confusion and forgetfulness (Encephalopathy)
Change in sleeping habits
Frequent infections
Kidney and other organ failures

Diagnosis of Liver disease

Liver Function Test
Viral serology (Hepatitis B, C, HIV)
Liver Elastography
Liver Imaging (Ultrasound Doppler, Triple phase CT scan, MRI liver)

Treatment for Liver Disease

Liver treatment is particular to the diagnosis and condition. While some liver problems are treated with medications, some liver problems are treated with lifestyle changes. These changes may include zero alcohol consumption, weight loss, or a change in the diet. During this period, the liver specialist may closely monitor the patient’s liver function. Liver problems such as liver failure may require surgery or a liver transplant.

Lifestyle changes help to improve liver health. Once diagnosed, the liver specialist may ask the patient to quit alcohol or avoid particular red meat, trans fats, processed carbohydrates, and high-fructose fat. Lifestyle changes also include a moderate-intensity exercise of 30 to 60 minutes around twice or thrice a week. Obese patients may require to shed 500 to 1,000 calories daily.

The liver specialist may ask the patient to avoid some dietary or herbal supplements to reduce scarring. It is essential to discuss the potential risks before making any lifestyle or nutritional changes with the liver specialist.

If you’re looking for the best liver treatment in Mumbai. Please book an appointment with an experienced liver specialist, Dr. Gaurav Gupta

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